Wednesday, June 22, 2011

Succes 2011: Billie Jean King, tennis living legend. Winner of "The Battle of the Sexes"

Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. She won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, 16 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and 11 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. King has been an advocate against sexism in sports and society. She won "The Battle of the Sexes" in 1973, in which she defeated Bobby Riggs, a former Wimbledon men's singles champion.

King is the founder of the Women's Tennis Association, the Women's Sports Foundation, and owner of World Team Tennis, which was founded by her former husband, Lawrence King, Dennis Murphy, Frank Barman, and Jordan Kaiser.


King learned to play tennis on the public courts of Long Beach, California. and was coached by Clyde Walker, a fine tennis teacher. She furthered her tennis career at the Los Angeles Tennis Club (LATC) under the jurisdiction of Perry T. Jones, President of the Southern California Tennis Association. At age 17, The Long Beach Tennis Patrons, through the efforts of Harold Guiver of USC, raised $2000 to send her to Wimbledon, where she won the Doubles with Karen Hantze.[18] She was an aggressive, hard-hitting net-rusher, with excellent speed. Chris Evert, however, said about King, "Her weakness is her impatience."

Concerning her motivations in life and tennis, King said,

Any time you're satisfied with mediocrity, any time you take away incentive from human beings, you've blown it. I'm a perfectionist much more than I'm a super competitor, and there's a big difference there.... I've been painted as a person who only competes. ... But most of all, I get off on hitting a shot correctly. ... Any woman who wants to achieve anything has to be aggressive and tough, but the press never sees us as multidimensional. They don't see the emotions, the downs....


King once said, "Victory is fleeting. Losing is forever."

In a May 19, 1975, Sports Illustrated article about King, Frank Deford noted that she had become something of a sex symbol and said, "Billie Jean cackles when the matter of her being a sex symbol is raised. 'Hysterical! Hysterical! Me, with these little short legs!' But she is practical enough to realize that a guy who buys a ticket to look at the girls has bought a ticket as sure as the guy who buys a ticket to look at the girls' forehands. ... Billie Jean herself not only thinks that sex is a dandy thing to have lurking around sports, but she also employs sex as sort of the ultimate gauge of equality between women's and men's athletics. This may be described as the Get-It Quotient.... 'There's a lot of ugly fellas among the male athletes, but just because they're athletes they get it all the time, don't they? Now, never mind prize money and publicity and all that. When we reach the point where all the women athletes are getting it, too, regardless of their looks, just like the fellas, then we've really arrived.'"


Grand Slam singles tournaments

King's triumph at the French Open in 1972 made her only the fifth woman in tennis history to win the singles titles at all four Grand Slam events, a "career Grand Slam." (Four additional women have completed a career Grand Slam since King.) King also won a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. In women's doubles, only the Australian Open eluded her.

King won a record 20 career titles at Wimbledon – 6 singles, 10 women's doubles, and 4 mixed doubles. (Martina Navratilova also has 20 career titles at Wimbledon.)

King played 51 Grand Slam singles events from 1959 through 1983 (197–39 .835 win–loss record): 21 at Wimbledon (96–15 win–loss record), 18 at the U.S. Championships/Open (63–14 win–loss record), 7 at the French Championships/Open (22–6 win–loss record), and 5 at the Australian Championships/Open (16–4 win–loss record). King reached at least the semifinals in 27 and at least the quarterfinals in 40 out of her 51 attempts.

King was the runner-up in 6 Grand Slam singles events.

An indicator of King's mental toughness at crunch time in Grand Slam singles tournaments was her 11–2 career record in deuce third sets, i.e., third sets that were tied 5–5 before being resolved.

Margaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was "the greatest competitor I’ve ever known".

Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, has said, "She's the wisest human being that I've ever met and has vision people can only dream about. Billie Jean King is my mentor and has given me advice about my tennis and my boyfriends. On dealing with my parents and even how to raise children. And she doesn't have any."

King was the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 1967.

In 1972, King became the first tennis player to be named Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year. She was also the first female athlete ever to receive that honor.

Friends with singer Elton John, the 1975 song "Philadelphia Freedom" is a tribute to King. On a PBS program, John talked about how he brought a demo copy of the record to play for her right after he had recorded it.


In 1975, Seventeen magazine found that King was the most admired woman in the world from a poll of its readers. Golda Meir, who had been Israel's prime minister until the previous year, finished second.

In 1979, several top players were asked who they would pick to help them recover from a hypothetical deficit of 1–5 (15–40) in the third set of a match on Wimbledon's Centre Court. Martina Navratilova, Rosemary Casals, and Françoise Durr all picked King. Navratilova said, "I would have to pick Billie Jean at her best. Consistently, Chris is hardest to beat but for one big occasion, one big match, one crucial point, yes, it would have to be Billie Jean." Casals said, "No matter how far down you got her, you never could be sure of beating her."

King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987.

Life magazine in 1990 named her one of the "100 Most Important Americans of the 20th Century."

King was the recipient of the 1999 Arthur Ashe Courage Award.

In 2000, King received an award from the GLAAD, an organization devoted to reducing discrimination against gays, lesbians and bisexuals, for "furthering the visibility and inclusion of the community in her work." The award noted her involvement in production and the free distribution of educational films, as well as serving on the boards of several AIDS charities.

In 2006, the Women's Sports Foundation began to sponsor the Billie Awards, which are named after and hosted by King.
The USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park was rededicated as the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center

On August 28, 2006, the USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park was rededicated as the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. John McEnroe, Venus Williams, Jimmy Connors, and Chris Evert were among the speakers during the rededication ceremony.

On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria Shriver inducted King into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.

On October 18, 2007, the Public Justice Foundation presented King with its highest award, the Champion of Justice Award.

On November 20, 2007, King was presented with the 2007 Sunday Times Sports Women of the Year Lifetime Achievement award for her contribution to sport both on and off the court.

Charles M. Schulz, creator of the Peanuts comic strip, was an admirer and close friend. Schulz referred to King several times in Peanuts over the years. In one strip, Peppermint Patty tells Marcie, "Has anyone ever told you that when you're mad, you look just like Billie Jean King?"

She was honored by the Office of the Manhattan Borough President in March 2008 and was included in a map of historical sites related or dedicated to important women.

King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.

Tuesday, June 21, 2011

Succes 2011: Alexander Gerst, European Space Agency astronaut

Alexander Gerst (born May 3, 1976 in Künzelsau, Baden-Württemberg) is an European Space Agency astronaut having been selected in 2009 to undergo training.
Gerst studied at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, where he received a university degree in physics. He also studied Earth Science at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, where he was awarded a Master of Science.

He has been working as a researcher since 2005. In his spare time, he enjoys mountaineering, diving, climbing and skydiving.

He was selected as astronaut in 2009 by the European Space Agency.

Succes 2011: Hans Schlegel, astronaut and veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions

Hans Wilhelm Schlegel (Überlingen, 3 August 1951) is a German physicist, an ESA astronaut, and a veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions.
From 1995 to 1997, he trained as the backup crew member for the German-Russian Mir'97 mission, and afterwards received additional training in Russia to become qualified as a second board engineer for the Mir space station. In 1998, he became a member of the European Astronaut Corps.


Schlegel was a Mission Specialist on the STS-122 Space Shuttle mission. The mission was charged with the responsibility of putting the Columbus laboratory in orbit, in addition to its connection to the International Space Station.

Hans was to perform a spacewalk on the first EVA (EVA1) of STS-122, on Sunday, 10 February 2008, in preparation for attaching the Columbus laboratory to the ISS. The EVA was postponed until Monday 11 February 2008 due to an undisclosed medical issue allegedly affecting Schlegel. Stanley G. Love performed the spacewalk instead of Schlegel. However, Schlegel did perform the second EVA on Wednesday 13 February 2008. During the spacewalk, he completed the replacement of the Nitrogen Tank Assembly on the P1 truss of the International Space Station, and installed trunnion covers on the Columbus module.

Succes 2011: Jackie Collins, english novelist and former actress. Her books have so ld over 400 million copies and have been translated into 40 languages

Jacqueline Jill "Jackie" Collins (born 4 October 1937) is an English novelist and former actress. She is the younger sister of actress Joan Collins. To date, she has written 27 novels, all of which have appeared on the New York Times bestsellers list. In total, her books have sold over 400 million copies and have been translated into 40 languages. To date, eight of her novels have been adapted for the screen, either as films or television mini-series.


Collins' first novel, The World Is Full of Married Men, was published in 1968. Romance writer Barbara Cartland called it "nasty, filthy and disgusting". It was banned in Australia and South Africa,[4] but the scandal bolstered sales in the USA and the UK. Collins' second novel, The Stud, was published in 1969 and followed the sexually charged affairs of married Fontaine Khaled, who owns a fashionable London nightclub. It also made the bestseller lists.

Collins' third novel, Sunday Simmons & Charlie Brick, (first published under the title The Hollywood Zoo in the UK and then retitled Sinners worldwide in 1984) was published in 1971 and again made the bestseller lists. This was Collins' first novel to be set in the United States.

Lovehead followed in 1974 (retitled as The Love Killers in 1989). This novel was Collins' first foray into the world of organized crime — a genre that would later prove to be extremely successful for her. The plot concerned the organised murder of women's rights activist and feminist Margaret Lawrence Brown. Three women - two of whom are Margaret's half sisters and one whom she saved from a life of working in the porn industry - plan revenge on the mobster responsible, Enzio Bassalino.

Following this, Collins published The World Is Full Of Divorced Women (unrelated to her first novel) in 1975, and then her longest novel, Lovers & Gamblers, in 1977 which told the story of rock/soul superstar Al King.

In the late 1970s, Collins made a foray into writing for the screen. In 1978, she co-wrote the screenplay for the film version of her 1969 novel The Stud, which starred her older sister Joan as the gold-digging adulteress Fontaine Khaled. Following this, Collins wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation of her first novel The World Is Full Of Married Men, which was released in 1979. She also released her seventh novel, The Bitch, a sequel to The Stud, which was also made into a successful film the same year, with Joan Collins reprising the role. The film version of The Bitch was written and directed by Gerry O'Hara, based on Collins' source novel. Also in 1979, Collins wrote an original screenplay (not based on any of her novels) for the film Yesterday's Hero.

1980s

In the 1980s, Collins and her family moved to Los Angeles on a full time basis. Her next novel was Chances, published in 1981 and which she described as her first "Harold Robbins-type" novel. It was also the first novel to introduce her character, Lucky Santangelo, the "dangerously beautiful" daughter of a one-time gangster Gino Santangelo.

While living in the hills above Sunset Boulevard, Collins collected the knowledge and experience to write her most successful novel, Hollywood Wives, which was published in 1983. The novel hit the New York Times bestseller list at number one, and went on to sell fifteen million copies worldwide.[citation needed] Marketed as a "scandalous exposé", the novel placed Collins in a powerful position and made her a celebrity of almost equal status to sister Joan, whose own career had taken an upwards direction with her role in the hit television drama Dynasty. In 1985, Hollywood Wives was also made into a hugely successful television mini-series, produced by Aaron Spelling and starring Candice Bergen, Stefanie Powers, Angie Dickinson, Anthony Hopkins, Suzanne Somers and Rod Steiger. Although credited as "Creative Consultant", Collins later stated that she was never consulted during production and that she did not agree with some of the casting choices.

She then went on to write the sequel to Chances entitled Lucky (published in 1985), followed by Hollywood Husbands (1986), and Rock Star (1988).

1990s

In 1990, Collins published her third Lucky Santangelo novel, Lady Boss. Also in 1990, she wrote and co-produced the television mini-series Lucky Chances, which combined her first two Lucky Santangelo novels and starred Nicolette Sheridan in the lead role and Sandra Bullock.

In 1992, Collins was widowed when her husband of 26 years, Oscar Lerman, died of cancer. Around this time, she also wrote and produced another mini-series based on her third Lucky Santangelo novel Lady Boss (with Kim Delaney now playing the lead role).

Collins went on to pen several more bestsellers; American Star (1993), Hollywood Kids (1994) and the fourth Santangelo novel, Vendetta: Lucky's Revenge (1996).

In 1998, Collins made a foray into talk-show television with the series Jackie Collins' Hollywood, but this was unsuccessful. She then released a new novel, Thrill (1998), and also wrote a four-part series of mini-novels to be released in a newspaper every six weeks called L.A. Connections, introducing a new heroine in the form of investigative journalist Madison Castelli. The fifth Lucky Santangelo novel, Dangerous Kiss, was published in 1999.


2000s

The 2000s turned out to be Collins' busiest time and she published eight bestsellers, more than any other decade in her career. In 2000, Collins brought back the character of Madison Castelli in a new novel, Lethal Seduction. In 2001 she published Hollywood Wives: The New Generation, which itself was later turned into a television movie starring Farrah Fawcett, Melissa Gilbert and Robin Givens (Collins was credited as Executive Producer).

A new Madison Castelli novel, Deadly Embrace, was published in 2002, and Hollywood Divorces was published in 2003. In 2004, Collins hosted a series of television specials, Jackie Collins Presents, for E! Entertainment Television.

In 2006, after being signed to publisher Simon & Schuster for twenty years, Collins signed with St. Martin's Press as her North American publisher though she remains with Simon & Schuster internationally.

Collins continued with Lovers & Players in 2006 and the sixth Lucky Santangelo novel, Drop Dead Beautiful, in 2007. Her most recent novels include Married Lovers (2008), about the affairs of a female personal trainer named Cameron Paradise. This was followed in 2009 by Poor Little Bitch Girl, which stemmed from an idea Collins had worked on for a television series about heiresses that was ultimately never made. It features Bobby Santangelo Stanislopoulos (son of Lucky Santangelo and Dimitri Stanislopoulos) as a major character, and has cameo appearances by Lucky Santangelo, although Lucky does not feature as a major character in this novel.
2010s

In 2010, Paris Connections, a direct-to-DVD movie adapted from Collins' L.A. Connections series of mini-novels was made by Amber Entertainment in association with the UK supermarket chain Tesco. The movie stars Charles Dance, Trudie Styler, and Nicole Steinwedell as Madison Castelli. Collins served as co-producer, and three more Connections movies with the Madison Castelli character are planned.

Although Collins initially said on her official website that there would probably be no more Lucky Santangelo novels after Drop Dead Beautiful, in 2011 she published the seventh book in the series, Goddess of Vengeance. Also according to her official website, she is currently writing a play entitled Jackie Collins' Hollywood Lies.

Monday, June 20, 2011

Daniele Dondé, the most collected Italian artist in the world. Inventor of "legal fakes" paintings

Daniele Dondé was born in Cremona, the birthplace of so many internationally famous artists, the greatest of whom being the violinmaker Antonio Stradivari.

Dondé, the son of renowned art collectors, learned to love art from an early age, in particular, the contemporary art in his family's art collection. This collection became famous following the death of his father, as Dondé was forced to sell it for financial reasons and in the midst of this crisis he learned that 50% of the works in this prestigious collection, bought from generations of hard work and sacrifices, were in fact fakes. Following this crippling disappointment, Dondé intended to make it the aim of his life to discover who could have tricked his family, by searching out those who had created these beautiful but deceptive fakes.

Once he had tracked down the forgers, he threatened to notify the authorities if they failed to accept his somewhat indecent proposal: they had to agree to work solely for him, not to cheat collectors but rather in order to make great art masterpieces available to all, at prices that the wider public could afford.


This was in 1983 and so he had realised a great dream and at the same time he had exacted revenge on dishonest gallery owners as he had denied them access to those who would create the fakes for them. He had legalised the work of the forgers, bringing it to the light of day and creating a worldwide respected artistic movement that aroused the interest of art collectors from all over the world.

In 1984 he became the undisputed leader of the idea that until that moment had been considered crazy and unachievable. Working constantly and with determination, he took his idea around the world, putting on exhibitions of "legal fakes", in major cities: Milan, Rome, Geneva, Zurich, Munich, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid, Barcelona, Istanbul, Cyprus, Paris, London, New York, Moscow, Sydney, Tokyo, Kyoto, St Moritz, Gstaad, Monte Carlo, etc. In these cities and elsewhere he has organised temporary exhibitions that have attracted millions of art lovers and collectors. The copies on show are of works by Van Gogh, Monet, Renoir, Degas, Modigliani, Sisley, Lautrec, Pissarro, in short all the most highly sought after and valuable masterpieces that have been made accessible to the general public and are no longer reserved for a few multi-millionaires. Dondé's motto is: "give everyone a masterpiece".

In 1990 at his exhibition in Manhattan a New York, Dondé was given the honorary title of Professor and Doctor of modern and contemporary art from the prestigious American University, an honour that few international artists have received.

In 1999 in Geneva he received recognition from another source, "Crystal Globe", which is only given to the most famous Italians in the world.

Dondé, appreciated by internationally famous VIP's like Frank Sinatra, Roger Moore, Sofia Loren, Harnold Swarzenneger, Sultan of Brunei, Albert of Monaco, Mohammed Al Fayed, Flavio Briatore, Gianluca Vialli, etc., is credited with having created the biggest and most popular art movement in the world, in which European, Asian, Australian and American artists have copied and followed the crazy idea that Dondé had and they have all continued to contribute to the diffusion of legalised fakes throughout the world.
His participation has led to this movement also starting in China, where they produce copies that are of poor quality artistically but have a high commercial value. Dondé therefore also has the responsibility or the merit of having suggested to the Chinese forgers that they make copies of great European works of art and so China lives and makes a living thanks to the extraordinary idea that came out of the dream of a young man from a small art town in the provinces, who, through taking revenge on those who wronged his family, accidentally spread the strangest idea ever dreamed all over the world. The world of contemporary art owes a great deal to Dondé.

Dondé now lives and works in his contemporary art studio, art of the future, art that many museums would already like to monopolize; Dondé is the name to invest in now, right now. For more than 25 years Dondé has been the modern world leader in contemporary art. Dondé is the most popular and most collected Italian of all the new artists that have appeared on the world scene; no other living artist has been so widely sought after by the media; over 10,000 interviews in 30 years, over 10,000 photographic sessions with the most important European, Asian, Australian, American and even Chinese media in the world.

Dondé is considered a legend in modern and contemporary art and his works are on show in the homes of the richest families in the world. Any millionaire, VIP or member of the jet set of any importance will boast of having in his collection a work that has been signed by Dondé, the most highly acclaimed and photographed of his VIP collectors.

Dondé currently lives and works between Italy and Switzerland in his studio show-room in Lugano.

Sunday, June 19, 2011

Gheorghe Hagi la Campionatul European: ROMÂNIA - Franța 0-1, 10 iunie 1996

Formatii:

Bogdan Stelea - Miodrag Belodedici , Gheorghe Mihali , Dan Petrescu , Gheorghe Popescu , Tibor Selymes - Gheorghe Hagi , Ionut Lupescu , Dorinel Munteanu - Marius Lacatus , Florin Răducioiu

Trainer: Anghel Iordanescu


Bernard Lama - Laurent Blanc , Marcel Desailly , Éric Di Meco , Lilian Thuram - Didier Deschamps , Youri Djorkaeff , Vincent Guérin , Christian Karembeu , Zinédine Zidane - Christophe Dugarry
Trainer: Aime Jacquet

Saturday, June 18, 2011

Gheorghe Hagi la Campionatul Mondial: ROMÂNIA - Argentina 3-2, 3 iulie 1994

Argentina took to the field with two changes enforced by the absence of Maradona and Caniggia. Coming in to stiffen the midfield was Jose Basualdo, while a youthful Ariel Ortega was handed the responsibility of feeding strike pair Batistuta and Balbo. Romania, meanwhile, set up their stall around a rugged defensive line and a solid midfield geared up to make full use of their speed on the break.


And after surviving two early scares when keeper Florin Prunea needed to be at his agile best to deny Balbo and Batistuta, coach Anghel Iordinescu’s charges took the lead thanks to an 11th-minute free-kick from the left flank by Ilie Dumitrescu, which wrong-footed Albiceleste custodian Luis Islas and sailed into the far corner. Stung by the goal, Argentina struck back within five minutes via a Batistuta penalty, after the powerful forward was brought down by Daniel Prodan just inside the box.

Yet Batigol barely had time to celebrate his fourth strike of the competition. Just two minutes later, Dumitrescu latched onto an inch-perfect pass from the roving Hagi to touch the ball past Islas and into the net – the culmination of a textbook counter-attacking move. Argentina showed spirit to take the fight to Romania for the remainder of the first half, though their European opponents looked capable of extending their lead with each lightning break.

The second period followed a similar pattern, with Basile’s team throwing men forward in search of an equaliser, only to be denied time and again by the reflexes of Prunea and some wayward finishing. They would pay dearly for their profligacy on 58 minutes when a Basualdo misjudgement left his team overrun at the back. Dumitrescu was able to carry the ball half the length of the field and commit several defenders before releasing the onrushing Hagi, whose first-time shot with his weaker right foot flew past the hapless Islas.

Argentina continued to battle bravely despite this latest setback, with Basile throwing on prolific striker Ramon Medina Bello for defender Roberto Sensini in a bid to reduce the deficit. Continually repelled by Prunea, La Albiceleste’s pressure finally paid off after the keeper’s only slip-up of an immense display – a spill from a long-rang Fernando Caceres effort that Balbo tucked away on 75 minutes. Hagi and his men held firm, however, to see out a 3-2 win and seal a place in the quarter-finals.

Goluri 11' 1-0 Ilie Dumitrescu (free-kick)
16' 1-1 Gabriel Batistuta (penalty)
18' 2-1 Ilie Dumitrescu (assist - Gheorghe Hagi)
58' 3-1 Gheorghe Hagi (assist - Ilie Dumitrescu)
75' 3-2 Abel Balbo

Arbitru Pierluigi Pairetto (Italy)

ROMANIA AGE D.O.B. CLUB
1 GK Florin Prunea 25 08 Aug 1968 Dinamo Bucharest
2 DF Dan Petrescu 26 22 Dec 1967 Genoa (ITA)
3 DF Daniel Prodan 22 23 Mar 1972 Steaua Bucharest
4 DF Miodrag Belodedici 30 20 May 1964 Valencia (SPA)
13 DF Tibor Selymes 24 14 May 1970 Cercle Brügge (BEL)
14 DF Gheorghe Mihali 28 09 Dec 1965 Dinamo Bucharest
5 MD Ioan Lupescu 25 09 Dec 1968 Bayer Leverkusen (GER)
6 MD Gheorghe Popescu 26 09 Oct 1967 PSV Eindhoven (NED)
7 MD Dorinel Munteanu 26 25 Jun 1968 Cercle Brügge (BEL)
10 MD Gheorghe Hagi (c) (-85) 29 05 Feb 1965 Brescia (ITA)
11 MD Ilie Dumitrescu (-89) 25 06 Jan 1969 Steaua Bucharest

Substitutes
19 DF Corneliu Papura (+89) 20 05 Sep 1973 Universitatea Craiova
18 MD Constantin Galca (+85) 22 08 Mar 1972 Steaua Bucharest

Coach: Anghel Iordanescu 44 04 May 1950

ARGENTINA AGE D.O.B. CLUB
12 GK Luis Islas 28 22 Dec 1965 Independiente
3 DF Jose Chamot 25 17 May 1969 Foggia (ITA)
4 DF Roberto Sensini (-62) 27 12 Oct 1966 Parma (ITA)
6 DF Oscar Ruggeri (c) 32 26 Jan 1962 San Lorenzo
13 DF Fernando Caceres 25 07 Feb 1969 Real Zaragoza (SPA)
5 MD Fernando Redondo 25 06 Jun 1969 CD Tenerife (SPA)
8 MD Jose Basualdo 31 20 Jun 1963 Velez Sarsfield
14 MD Diego Simeone 24 28 Apr 1970 Sevilla (SPA)
9 FW Gabriel Batistuta 25 01 Feb 1969 AC Fiorentina (ITA)
17 FW Ariel Ortega 20 04 Mar 1974 River Plate
19 FW Abel Balbo 28 01 Jun 1966 AS Roma (ITA)

Substitutes
11 FW Ramon Medina Bello (+62) 28 29 Apr 1966 Yokohama Marinos (JPN)

Coach: Alfio Basile 50 01 Nov 1943

Friday, June 17, 2011

Gheorghe Hagi la Campionatul Mondial: ROMÂNIA - Columbia 1-0, 15 iunie 1998

Adrian Ilie's 15-meter shot 1st half injury time gave Romania a 1-0 victory over Colombia in their Group G opener Monday, 15 June 1998.

The Valencia striker outmaneuvered midfielder Maurizio Serna and defender Everth Palacios and lobbed the ball over advancing goalkeeper Farid Mondragon.


Colombia nearly tied the game in the 85th minute when replacement Adolfo Valencia shot from 30 meters.

The Romanian squad, still built around the core of veterans that played at the 1994 World Cup in the United States, set the pace for much of the match.

At the start of the second half, Colombia's coach Hernan Dario Gomez livened up his attack by substituting ineffective striker Victor Aritsizabal with Valencia.

In the first half, Colombia started briskly, eager to avenge defeat by Romania at the last World Cup. But its passing was ragged and easily intercepted by the Romanians, who quickly established midfield dominance.

Ilie had the first scoring chance on a fast break in the 11th minute, when he beat three defenders in the box and crossed the ball to unmarked Viorel Moldovan, who failedto connect from 7 meters.

Five minutes later, Colombian goalkeeper Farid Mondragon stretched to his right to stop a rasping shot from Dorinel Munteanu from the edge of the box, then knocked away the rebound hit by Ilie.

In the 40th minute, Moldovan intercepted a ricochet in the Colombian box, but his header from 6 meters just missed the right post.

"In the first period we lacked cohesion and clarity. After the break we were much more determined but unfortunately we missed all our scoring opportunities," Gomez told reporters.

Formatii:

Romania: Bogdan Stelea; Dan Petrescu, Gheorghe Popescu, Liviu Ciubotariu; Iulian Filipescu, Dorinel Munteanu, Gheorghe Hagi (Lucian Marinescu, 76), Constantin Galca, Gabriel Popescu (Ovidiu Stinga, 68); Adrian Ilie, Viorel Moldovan (Radu Niculescu, 85)

Colombia: Farid Mondragon; WilmerCabrera, Jorge Bermudez, Everth Palacios, Jose Santa; Maurizio Serna, Harold Lozano, Freddy Rincon, Carlos Valderrama; Victor Aristizabal (Adolfo Valencia, 46), Faustino Asprilla (Leider Preciado, 85).

Arbitru: Lim Kee Chong (Mauritius).

Thursday, June 16, 2011

Dumitru Prunariu, primul - și ultimul :) - cosmonaut român

Dumitru Dorin Prunariu (n. 27 septembrie 1952, Brașov) este primul cosmonaut român. La 14 mai 1981 a devenit primul și singurul român care a zburat vreodată în spațiul cosmic. A participat la misiunea Soiuz 40 din cadrul programului spațial „Intercosmos” și a petrecut în spațiu 7 zile, 20 de ore și 42 de minute. Este de profesie inginer aeronautic. A fost pe rând ofițer inginer în cadrul Comandamentului Aviației Militare, șef al Aviației civile române, președinte al Agenției Spațiale Române, ambasador al României în Federația Rusă, președintele Consiliului de ne-militarizare a spațiului cosmic din cadrul ONU. În prezent are gradul de general maior (cu 2 stele) în rezervă.


Născut în orașul Brașov la 27 septembrie 1952, Dumitru Prunariu a absolvit Liceul de Matematică-Fizică nr.1 din orașul natal în anul 1971. Tatăl său era de profesie inginer, iar mama cadru didactic la o școală generală. Pasiunea lui Prunariu pentru zbor s-a manifestat încă din copilărie.

Micul Prunariu și-a început calea spre stele de la cercul de aeromodelism de la Casa pionierilor din Brașov, unde construia modele de planoare și de avioane, visând să devină constructor de aparate de zbor. Avea 17 ani când a dobândit premiul republican la Concursul de creații tehnice „Minitehnicus”. Cu această ocazie a primit carnetul de membru Minitehnicus nr. 103. 11 ani mai târziu avea să devină cel de-al 103-lea pământean care a ajuns în Cosmos.

A absolvit Facultatea de Inginerie Aerospațială din cadrul Universității "Politehnica" din București în anul 1976 cu specializarea inginerie aeronautică. După finalizarea studiilor universitare, a lucrat ca inginer stagiar la Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice (IAR) din Ghimbav (județul Brașov), între anii 1976-1977. Ulterior, în cartea „La cinci minute după cosmos”, scrisă împreună cu ziaristul Alexandru Stark, Prunariu avea să spună că dacă nu ar fi fost cooptat în detașamentul cosmonauților, ar fi construit la uzină, împreună cu soția, elicopterele și avioanele atât de râvnite în copilărie.


În anul 1974 s-a căsătorit cu Crina Rodica Prunariu, cu care a fost coleg de facultate, actualmente diplomat în cadrul Ministerului Afacerilor Externe, fiind din 2007 ambasadorul României în Armenia. În 1975 s-a născut primul lor fiu, Radu-Cătălin, iar în 1977 al doilea fiu, Ovidiu-Daniel.

În mai 1977, au început să se facă selecționări pentru programul de zboruri cosmice Intercosmos , inițiat de către URSS și adresat țărilor aliate socialiste. Inițial, pentru detașamentul cosmonauților s-au oferit voluntar peste 150 de candidați, majoritatea fiind piloți de avioane supersonice și ingineri. "Programul „Intercosmos” era un program cosmic bine definit, care avea prevederi foarte clare și o evoluție bine precizată: de la experimente care au fost efectuate în regim automat la bordul diferitelor rachete de mare altitudine sau nave cosmice sovietice, până la experimente complexe efectuate de cosmonauți."

În timpul stagiului militar efectuat în cadrul Școlii de ofițeri de rezervă aviație de la Bacău, în mai 1977, comandantul de atunci al unității militare, locotenentul-colonel Ioan Săndulescu Stahie (cel care avea să devină mai târziu general-comandor de aviație și să îndeplinească funcția de comandant al Aviației și Apărării Antiaeriene a Teritoriului până în 1997), a intrat la curs și i-a anunțat pe inginerii militari TR că se fac selecționări pentru programul Intercosmos. 17 dintre ei au acceptat. După efectuarea testelor medicale la București, toți 17 au fost respinși. Motivul respingerii lui Prunariu a fost faptul că la probele de efort, pe fondul unei gripe de moment, i se depistaseră perturbații ale parametrilor inimii. La două luni după respingere, dosarele a cinci candidați între care și Prunariu au fost reluate, acesta reușind de data aceasta să treacă cu succes de toate probele. Din toate grupele de selecție au rămas in acea fază șapte candidați, doi au renunțat din motive personale, iar încă doi au fost eliminați după o pregătire inițială și ultimele faze de testare efectuate în țară.

Dumitru Prunariu finalizează, în septembrie 1977, cursurile Școlii de ofițeri de rezervă aviație din Bacău, cu gradul de sublocotenent în rezervă.


În toamna anului 1977, candidații cosmonauți au fost detașați de la locurile lor de muncă la unitatea militară de aviație de la Bacău, fiind incluși într-un program de pregătire multidisciplinar. Pregătirea a cuprins o serie de cursuri de pregătire teoretică efectuate la Academia Militară din București, câteva zeci de ore de zbor pe avioane MIG 15 efectuate la Bacău și educație fizică și cursuri de limba rusă efectuate la Poiana Brașov. Ofițerul responsabil cu pregătirea fizică primise ordin ca în două luni să scoată din inginerii candidați cosmonauți sportivi de performanță. Pe fondul unor exagerări în solicitările la efort fizic fără perioade adecvate de recuperare, în caracterizarea lui Prunariu s-a scris: "oarecare lipsă de voință în pregătirea fizică“. La data de 1 ianuarie 1978, erau totuși selecționați trei candidați ca membri ai grupului de pregătire a cosmonauților din cadrul Misiunii Spațiale Româno-Sovietice Intercosmos. Cei trei candidați erau ing. Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu, ing. Cristian Guran și căpitanul ing. Mitică Dediu. Înainte de zborul cosmic lui Dediu i s-a schimbat oficial prenumele din Mitică în Dumitru, iar referitor la Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu s-a decis ca în presă să apară doar cu prenumele Dumitru.

Aceștia trei au plecat la Moscova pentru a fi supuși unei evaluări finale de către specialiștii ruși din cadrul Institutului de Cercetări Biomedicale în domeniul aviației și cosmonauticii. Dumitru Dediu era cu 10 ani mai în vârstă decât Prunariu și cu 9 decât Guran și după regulile militare era considerat drept favorit. După testele de la Moscova, Cristian Guran (foarte bine pregătit profesional) a fost eliminat din echipa de potențiali cosmonauți români din cauza unor probleme ale aparatului vestibular.

În cele din urmă, Prunariu și Dediu au fost aleși să efectueze programul întreg de pregătire pentru a deveni cosmonauți. „Condiția mea fizică, adică sportivă, lăsa de dorit. S-a îmbunătățit abia la ruși. Medical, trecuserăm de toate testele”, spune Dumitru Prunariu. Dumitru Dediu, însă, chiar dacă nu avea cele mai bune performanțe la capitolul științific, excela fizic și medical.

Timp de trei ani, în perioada martie 1978-mai 1981, Prunariu și Dediu au urmat o pregătire de specialitate în calitate de candidați cosmonauți la Centrul de Pregătire a Cosmonauților "Iuri Gagarin" din Zviozdnîi Gorodok - „Orășelul Stelar” (aflat în apropiere de Moscova).


A doua grupă Intercosmos care a început pregătirea în martie 1978 în "Orășelul Stelar" a constat din câte doi candidați din cinci țări: Bulgaria, Ungaria, Cuba, Mongolia și România. În acea perioadă zburau deja în cosmos reprezentanții primei grupe Intercosmos, formată din Cehoslovacia, Polonia și Germania Democrată. După un an, pe motive politice, rușii au adus în pregătire și candidați din Vietnam, incluși în a doua grupă Intercosmos. Toți candidații cosmonauți străini au locuit în „Orășelul Stelar” împreună cu familia, condiție impusă de partea rusă, ceea ce a fost un fapt benefic pentru toți, familia având ocazia să-și susțină moral candidatul, să învețe limba și să se integreze mediului de acolo.

La 12 mai 1981, Dumitru Prunariu a fost confirmat în mod oficial ca primul nominalizat în cadrul zborului spațial româno-sovietic, alături de cosmonautul sovietic colonel Leonid Popov - comandant de echipaj. Acesta era un cosmonaut experimentat și mai efectuase un zbor cu o durată de 186 de zile, la bordul stației cosmice „Saliut-6". Cosmonautul român Dumitru Dediu și cosmonautul sovietic Iuri Romanenko au fost numiți ca membri ai echipajului de rezervă. Dumitru Dediu a primit vestea cu resemnare, mai ales că aceasta a venit chiar în ziua lui de naștere: "Nu a fost ușor - recunoaște el - dar asta-i soarta, știam de la început că numai unul dintre noi va zbura". Dintre toți candidații din programul Intercosmos, Prunariu a fost singurul cosmonaut care a obținut la examenele și testările finale calificative maxime, în contradicție cu Dediu care a trebuit să repete unele examene pentru a putea fi declarat calificat măcar în echipajul de rezervă.

„Pentru mine, scopul întregii pregătiri l-a constituit zborul cosmic, așa cum era și normal. În toată perioada de pregătire nu m-am gândit niciodată ce va urma după aceea”, afirmă Dumitru Prunariu.

După avaria majoră care a întrerupt în 1979 zborul primului cosmonaut bulgar, întregul program Intercosmos a fost decalat cu un an. Față de această amânare, decolarea rachetei Soiuz-40 a fost amânată și ea cu câteva zile față de data planificată din cauza unor defecțiuni descoperite înainte de ridicarea pe rampa de lansare.



Cu aproape trei saptămâni înainte de lansare cele două echipaje, principal și de rezervă, au fost aduse din Orășelul Stelar de lângă Moscova la cosmodromul Baikonur din Kazahstan, unde au continuat pregătirea în vederea lansării.

Spre seara zilei de 14 mai 1981, un autobuz special i-a adus pe cei doi cosmonauți din echipajul principal, echipați pentru zbor, către Platforma 17 de la cosmodromul Baikonur: colonelul sovietic Leonid Popov, cel care cu un an în urmă realizase recordul de durată în spațiul extraterestru de 185 de zile, și locotenentul major inginer Dumitru Prunariu. Cu două ore înainte de start echipajul a ocupat poziția de lansare în capsula navei cosmice aflată în vârful rachetei purtătoare, efectuând până la lansarea propriu-zisă o serie de teste ale aparaturii și sistemelor navei. La ora 20 16’ 38” (ora Bucureștiului), de pe cosmodromul Baikonur, a fost lansată racheta purtătoare cu nava cosmică Soiuz-40 (în greutate totală de 300 tone), având la bord echipajul mixt româno-sovietic format din locotenentul major pilot ing. Dumitru Prunariu și colonelul cosmonaut Leonid Ivanovici Popov. După 8 minute și 50 de secunde nava cosmică se desprindea de ultima treaptă a rachetei purtătoare, aflânduse deja la 220 km altitudine, aprox. 3000 km de punctul de lansare și deplasându-se în jurul Pământului cu o viteză de 28000 km/h pe o orbită înclinată față de ecuator cu 51,6o. Prunariu a devenit astfel primul român din istorie care a zburat în spațiu. Conform planificării zborurilor Intercosmos zborul avea să dureze aproape 8 zile, între 14 mai - 22 mai 1981.

Decolarea a decurs fără probleme. După înscrierea pe orbita circumterestră, verificarea parametrilor tehnici ai navei în condiții reale de zbor și efectuarea primei manevre orbitale de ridicare a orbitei, care au durat până la ora 4 dimineața a zilei următoare, cei doi cosmonauți au avut permisiunea să dezbrace costumele de scafandru cosmic, să treacă în modulul orbital și să se odihnească. S-au trezit a doua zi la ora 12, și după ce au mâncat, au efectuat a doua manevră de ridicare și corecție a orbitei navei cosmice în vederea începerii manevrelor de cuplare cu stația orbitală Saliut-6. În momentul cuplării, Soiuz-40 avea o viteză relativă față de stație de 0,3 m/s. "Îi auzim foarte bine pe vecini, echipajul Kovalionok și Savinîh, care se află în cosmos din luna martie“.

La 15 mai, nava cosmică Soiuz-40 se cuplează la complexul orbital Saliut 6 – Soiuz T-4. Momentul cuplării a fost imortalizat pe film din interiorul stației orbitale. Primul care a trecut prin deschizătura trapelor deschise ale celor două obiecte cosmice, a fost Prunariu.


Au petrecut șapte zile pe stația orbitală Saliut 6. Acolo, cei doi cosmonauți s-au întâlnit cu cosmonauții sovietici Vladimir Kovalionok și Victor Savinîh, care se aflau deja pe orbita circumterestră din data de 21 martie 1981.

Pentru o săptămână au lucrat împreună, realizând 22 de experimente științifice, printre care cele denumite „Capilar”, „Biodoza”, „Astro” sau „Nanobalanța”. Biodoza, de exemplu, a fost legat de studiul câmpului magnetic al Pământului și influența lui asupra organismelor vii. Marea majoritate a experimentelor efectuate au fost de concepție românească, iar aparatura realizată în România pentru acest scop s-a remarcat printr-un grad înalt de miniaturizare, fiabilitate și consum redus de energie, funcționând ireproșabil. Acestea au avut drept scop obținerea de informații deosebit de prețioase pentru lărgirea cunoștințelor în domeniul astrofizicii, fizicii nucleare și tehnologiei cosmice, iar experimentele biomedicale contribuie la completarea cunoștințelor existente privind comportarea organismului uman în condițiile specifice zborului cosmic, cât și la progresul cercetărilor fundamentale în domeniul medicinei aeronautice și al biologiei. Rezultatele obținute au fost utilizate pentru pregătirea zborurilor care au urmat.

Complexul cosmic cu echipajele la bord trecea de la noapte la zi și invers de 16 ori în 24 de ore. Tot de atâtea ori în exteriorul aparatelor cosmice se produceau variații de temperatură de aproape 300 grade Celsius (+150 de grade în zonele radiate de Soare și -150 de grade în timpul trecerii prin umbra Pământului). Prunariu ajunsese la performanța de a se îmbrăca în imponderabilitate în costumul de scafandru cosmic care avea 13 kilograme în timpul record de 7 minute. Acesta a înconjurat Pământul de 125 de ori, parcurgând 5.260.000 km, cu viteza de 28.500 km/oră, în 7 zile, 20 de ore, 42 de minute și 52 de secunde.

Pe la ora 19,30-20,00 treceam zilnic pe deasupra României. De acolo, de sus, România se vedea de mărimea unei pâini rumene de casă.

Ca și alți cosmonauți, datorită modificărilor care apar în organismul uman în imponderabilitate, Dumitru Prunariu a avut printre altele dureri de coloană în regiunea lombară aproape pe tot parcursul zborului cosmic. "Mă trezeam aproape regulat pe la 5 - 5,30 dimineața de durere și simțeam nevoia imediată de a mă mișca. În timpul liber, cam o oră și jumătate pe zi mă uitam prin hublourile stației cosmice admirând frumusețile Pământului. Spuneam că mergem "la plajă" pentru că Soarele "bronza" (vezi ardea) rapid și puternic. Televiziunea română ne pregătise și ea un program artistic pe niște benzi de video aflat atunci în fază primitivă, dar nu am apucat să vedem prea mult din el. Uneori udam ceapa verde, "plantată" în cârpe umede".


Programul de cercetare fiind încheiat, a avut loc revenirea din spațiul cosmic în data de vineri, 22 mai 1981, la ora 16,58, ora României. Capsula de coborâre a navei spațiale „Soiuz 40“ (2/3 din navă nu se recuperează) a aterizat în condiții aproape normale pe pământ, conform programului, în zona stabilită de pe teritoriul Uniunii Sovietice, la 225 kilometri sud-est de orașul Djezkazgan, din stepa Kazahstanului. Aterizarea a fost cu unele peripeții, parașuta deschizându-se cu 4 secunde întârziere, la mai puțin de 9.600 km cum era prevăzut, ceea ce a prilejuit tuturor mari emoții. Descriind momentele de imediat după aterizare, Prunariu relatează: "Trecerea la greutatea normală a fost cumplită. Mă trezesc luat pe sus de patru membri ai echipei de căutare și sunt așezat lângă Popov care stătea pe un șezlong. Am impresia că sunt de plumb și că pământul se clatină sub mine. La cinci minute după cosmos, ca o mângâiere, aud vorbindu-se românește“, mărturisea cosmonautul, referindu-se la Alexandru Stark, reporterul acreditat să relateze evenimentul. Așa amețit cum era, ajutat de ceilalți oficiali, Prunariu s-a îndreptat spre capsulă să semneze pe ea, conform obiceiului.

Misiunea a durat 7 zile, 20 de ore, 42 de minute și 52 de secunde, după un parcurs circumterestru de 5.260.000 de kilometri.

La momentul zborului, Dumitru Prunariu a fost cel de-al 103-lea cosmonaut al lumii; de atunci numărul cosmonauților a crescut la peste 450. Acest zbor de importanță epocală pentru România a situat-o în clubul select al țărilor participante direct la explorarea Universului și totodată atestă tradiția contribuțiilor marilor înaintași români la zborul omului printre stele.

Pentru realizarea cu succes a zborului cosmic, atât Prunariu, cât și Popov au fost decorați cu cele mai înalte ordine ale României și URSS. Din punct de vedere material, pentru realizarea sa istorică, Dumitru Prunariu a primit ca recompensă echivalentul a trei salarii sub formă de primă, acordată de ministrul apărării și a fost înaintat cu un an inainte de termen la gradul de căpitan. Autorităților de atunci le-a fost frică să nu fie refuzate de Ceaușescu în cazul în care ar face și alte propuneri de recompensare. În aceste condiții, trebuind să se mute cu familia în București unde a primit un post în cadrul Comandamentului Aviației Militare, Prunariu a fost obligat să locuiască jumătate de an la un cămin militar până să obțină o locuință, făcând apoi numeroase împrumuturi pentru a-și aranja apartamentul obținut și pentru stabilirea definitivă cu familia în capitala țării.

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Dan Petrescu - perioada Southampton

Daniel Vasile Petrescu (born 22 December 1967 in Bucharest) is a Romanian football manager and former player, currently the manager of Kuban Krasnodar in the Russian Premier League.

He is famous for having played for Steaua Bucureşti in the 1989 Champions League Final and winning the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Super Cup with FA Premier League club Chelsea. Petrescu also received 95 international caps for the Romanian national side.


After playing for Steaua Bucureşti's youth teams, Dan Petrescu was promoted into the first team in 1986 in a game played by Steaua just one month after winning the European Cup. Petrescu was loaned to FC Olt for the 1986–87 season, but asked to come back to Steaua Bucureşti in 1987.

He was an important part of the team which reached the semifinals of the European Cup in 1988 and the final in 1989. Also in 1989 he played for the Romanian national team for the first time, but missed the World Cup of the following year due to an injury.

In 1991 he was bought by Foggia of Italy, in a period when the club saw promotion to Serie A. In 1993 he moved to Genoa.

Petrescu signed for Sheffield Wednesday in 1994 from Genoa, after a successful World Cup for Romania. After one season at Hillsborough he signed for Chelsea and featured prominently there for the next five years. During his term at Chelsea, he was a member of the teams which won the FA Cup in 1997 and the League Cup and Cup Winners' Cup (both in 1998). After falling out with Chelsea manager Gianluca Vialli after a defeat to Manchester United, Petrescu never played for the club again and was not even selected as a substitute for the 2000 FA Cup Final against Aston Villa. Turning down a move to Southampton in August 2000, he instead moved to Bradford City for £1 million, scoring once against West Ham.

In January 2001, Petrescu's former Chelsea manager, Glenn Hoddle eventually persuaded him to join Southampton for a "nominal" fee. He initially settled in well at The Dell, scoring against Leicester and Manchester City in his first few matches. In March, Hoddle left "the Saints" to take up the managerial reins at Tottenham Hotspur and his replacement Stuart Gray dropped Petrescu, replacing him with Hassan Kachloul for the rest of the season. After making only two substitute appearances in the 2001–02 season, Petrescu was released and returned to Romania.

Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Dan Petrescu - perioada Sheffield Wednesday

Daniel Vasile Petrescu (born 22 December 1967 in Bucharest) is a Romanian football manager and former player, currently the manager of Kuban Krasnodar in the Russian Premier League.


He is famous for having played for Steaua Bucureşti in the 1989 Champions League Final and winning the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Super Cup with FA Premier League club Chelsea. Petrescu also received 95 international caps for the Romanian national side.

After playing for Steaua Bucureşti's youth teams, Dan Petrescu was promoted into the first team in 1986 in a game played by Steaua just one month after winning the European Cup. Petrescu was loaned to FC Olt for the 1986–87 season, but asked to come back to Steaua Bucureşti in 1987.

He was an important part of the team which reached the semifinals of the European Cup in 1988 and the final in 1989. Also in 1989 he played for the Romanian national team for the first time, but missed the World Cup of the following year due to an injury.

In 1991 he was bought by Foggia of Italy, in a period when the club saw promotion to Serie A. In 1993 he moved to Genoa.

Petrescu signed for Sheffield Wednesday in 1994 from Genoa, after a successful World Cup for Romania. After one season at Hillsborough he signed for Chelsea and featured prominently there for the next five years. During his term at Chelsea, he was a member of the teams which won the FA Cup in 1997 and the League Cup and Cup Winners' Cup (both in 1998). After falling out with Chelsea manager Gianluca Vialli after a defeat to Manchester United, Petrescu never played for the club again and was not even selected as a substitute for the 2000 FA Cup Final against Aston Villa. Turning down a move to Southampton in August 2000, he instead moved to Bradford City for £1 million, scoring once against West Ham.

In January 2001, Petrescu's former Chelsea manager, Glenn Hoddle eventually persuaded him to join Southampton for a "nominal" fee. He initially settled in well at The Dell, scoring against Leicester and Manchester City[4] in his first few matches. In March, Hoddle left "the Saints" to take up the managerial reins at Tottenham Hotspur and his replacement Stuart Gray dropped Petrescu, replacing him with Hassan Kachloul for the rest of the season. After making only two substitute appearances in the 2001–02 season, Petrescu was released and returned to Romania.

Friday, June 10, 2011

Easy Rider : Jack Nicholson & Peter Fonda

Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper, and Terry Southern, produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper. It tells the story of two bikers (played by Fonda and Hopper) who travel through the American Southwest and South with the aim of achieving freedom. The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood phase of filmmaking during the late sixties. The film was added to the Library of Congress National Registry in 1998.


A landmark counterculture film, and a "touchstone for a generation" that "captured the national imagination," Easy Rider explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement, drug use, and communal lifestyle. Easy Rider is famous for its use of real drugs in its portrayal of marijuana and other substances.

The protagonists are two freewheeling hippies: Wyatt, nicknamed "Captain America" (Fonda), and Billy (Hopper). Fonda and Hopper said that these characters' names refer to Wyatt Earp and Billy the Kid. Wyatt dresses in American flag-adorned leather, while Billy dresses in Native American-style buckskin pants and shirts and a bushman hat.

After smuggling cocaine from Mexico to Los Angeles, Wyatt and Billy sell their contraband to "Connection," a man (played by Phil Spector) in a Rolls-Royce and score a large sum of money. With the money from the sale stuffed into a plastic tube hidden inside the Stars & Stripes-adorned fuel tank of Wyatt's California-style chopper, they ride eastward in an attempt to reach New Orleans, Louisiana, in time for Mardi Gras.

During their trip, Wyatt and Billy meet and have a meal with a rancher, whom Wyatt admires for his simple, traditional farming lifestyle. Later, the duo pick up a hitch-hiker (Luke Askew) and agree to take him to his commune, where they stay for a day. Life in the commune appears to be hard, with hippies from the city finding it difficult to grow their own crops in a dry climate with poor soil. (One of the children seen in the commune is played by Fonda's four-year-old daughter Bridget.) At one point, the bikers witness a prayer for blessing of the new crop, as put by a communard: A chance "to make a stand," and to plant "simple food, for our simple taste." The commune is also host to a traveling theater group that "sings for its supper" (performs for food). The notion of "free love" appears to be practiced, with two women seemingly sharing the affections of the hitch-hiking communard, and who then turn their attention to Wyatt and Billy. As the bikers leave, the hitch-hiker (known only as "Stranger on highway" in the credits) gives Wyatt some LSD for him to share with "the right people."


While jokingly riding along with a parade in a small town, the pair are arrested by the local authorities for "parading without a permit" and thrown in jail. In jail, they befriend ACLU lawyer and local drunk George Hanson (Jack Nicholson). George helps them get out of jail, and decides to travel with Wyatt and Billy to New Orleans. As they camp that night, Wyatt and Billy introduce George to marijuana. As an alcoholic and a "square," George is reluctant to try the marijuana ("It leads to harder stuff", and "I don't want to get hooked"), but he quickly relents.
George Hanson (Jack Nicholson) with Wyatt (Peter Fonda)

While attempting to eat in a small rural Louisiana restaurant, the trio's appearance attracts the attention of the locals. The girls in the restaurant want to meet the men and ride with them, but the local men and police officer make mocking, racist, and homophobic remarks. One of the men menacingly states, "I don't believe they'll make the parish line." Wyatt, Billy, and George leave without eating and make camp outside of town. The events of the day cause George to comment: "This used to be a hell of a good country. I can't understand what's gone wrong with it." He observes that Americans talk a lot about the value of freedom, but are actually afraid of anyone who truly exhibits it.

In the middle of the night, the local men return and brutally beat the trio with baseball bats while they are sleeping. Billy luckily manages to scare the men off by pulling a switchblade on them. Wyatt and Billy suffer minor injuries, but George is killed by a machete strike to the neck. Wyatt and Billy wrap George's body up in his sleeping bag, gather his belongings, and vow to return the items to his parents.

They continue to New Orleans and find the brothel George had intended to visit. Taking prostitutes Karen (Karen Black) and Mary (Toni Basil) with them, Wyatt and Billy decide to go outside and wander the parade-filled street of the Mardi Gras celebration. They end up in a cemetery, where all four ingest LSD. They experience a psychedelic bad trip infused with Catholic prayer, represented through quick edits, sound effects, and over-exposed film.
Peter Fonda's American Flag Patch, sold for $89,625 in 2007.


Making camp afterward, Wyatt declares: "We blew it." Wyatt realizes that their search for freedom, while financially successful,[clarification needed] was a spiritual failure. The next morning, the two are continuing their trip to Florida (where they hope to retire wealthy) when two Rednecks in a pickup truck spot them and decide to "scare the hell out of them" with their shotgun. As they pull alongside Billy, one of the men lazily aims the shotgun at him and threatens and insults him by saying "Want me to blow your brains out?" and "Why don't you get a haircut?" When Billy flips his middle finger up at them, the hillbilly fires the shotgun at Billy who immediately hits the pavement, seriously wounded in the side. As the truck then takes off past Wyatt down the road, Wyatt turns around and races back to put his jacket over his fatally injured friend already covered in blood before riding off for help. But by this time, the same pickup truck has turned around and closes on Wyatt. Not wanting any witnesses to report them to the police, the hillbilly fires at Wyatt as he speeds by the pickup, hitting the bike's gas tank and causing it to instantly erupt into a fiery explosion. Wyatt lands by the side of the road, dead. As the murderous hillbillies drive away, the film ends with a shot of the flaming bike in the middle of the deserted road, as the camera ascends to the sky. The duo's journey has ended.